/ Англоязычная литература
"Natural-Born Cyborgs: Minds, Technologies, and the Future of Human Intelligence", Andy Clark
From Robocop to the Terminator to Eve 8, no image better captures our deepest fears about technology than the cyborg, the person who is both flesh and metal, brain and electronics. But philosopher and cognitive scientist Andy Clark sees it differently. Cyborgs, he writes, are not something to be feared--we already are cyborgs.
In Natural-Born Cyborgs, Clark argues that what makes humans so different from other species is our capacity to fully incorporate tools and supporting cultural practices into our existence. Technology as simple as writing on a sketchpad, as familiar as Google or a cellular phone, and as potentially revolutionary as mind-extending neural implants--all exploit our brains' astonishingly plastic nature. Our minds are primed to seek out and incorporate non-biological resources, so that we actually think and feel through our best technologies. Drawing on his expertise in cognitive science, Clark demonstrates that our sense of self and of physical presence can be expanded to a remarkable extent, placing the long-existing telephone and the emerging technology of telepresence on the same continuum. He explores ways in which we have adapted our lives to make use of technology (the measurement of time, for example, has wrought enormous changes in human existence), as well as ways in which increasingly fluid technologies can adapt to individual users during normal use. Bio-technological unions, Clark argues, are evolving with a speed never seen before in history. As we enter an age of wearable computers, sensory augmentation, wireless devices, intelligent environments, thought-controlled prosthetics, and rapid-fire information search and retrieval, the line between the user and her tools grows thinner day by day. "This double whammy of plastic brains and increasingly responsive and well-fitted tools creates an unprecedented opportunity for ever-closer kinds of human-machine merger," he writes, arguing that such a merger is entirely natural.
A stunning new look at the human brain and the human self, Natural Born Cyborgs reveals how our technology is indeed inseparable from who we are and how we think.
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Transcend: Nine Steps to Living Well Forever by Ray Kurzweil and Terry Grossman
In Transcend, famed futurist Ray Kurzweil and his coauthor Terry Grossman, MD, present a cutting edge, accessible program based on the vanguard in nutrition and science. They’ve distilled thousands of scientific studies to make the case that new developments in medicine and technology will allow us to radically extend our life expectancies and slow the aging process.
Подробнее"The Singularity is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology", Ray Kurzweil
For over three decades, Ray Kurzweil has been one of the most respected and provocative advocates of the role of technology in our future. In his classic The Age of Spiritual Machines, he argued that computers would soon rival the full range of human intelligence at its best. Now he examines the next step in this inexorable evolutionary process: the union of human and machine, in which the knowledge and skills embedded in our brains will be combined with the vastly greater capacity, speed, and knowledge-sharing ability of our creations.
ПодробнееI, Cyborg Kevin Warwick
Now available for the first time in America, I, Cyborg is the story of Kevin Warwick, the cybernetic pioneer advancing science by upgrading his own body. Warwick, the world's leading expert in cybernetics, explains how he has deliberately crossed over a perilous threshhold to take the first practical steps toward becoming a cyborg--part human, part machine--using himself as a guinea pig and undergoing surgery to receive technological implants connected to his central nervous system. Believing that machines with intelligence far beyond that of humans will eventually make the important decisions, Warwick investigates whether we can avoid obsolescence by using technology to improve on our comparatively limited capabilities. Warwick also discusses the implications for human relationships, and his wife's participation in the experiments. Beyond the autobiography of a scientist who became, in part, a machine, I, Cyborg is also a story of courage, devotion, and endeavor that split apart personal lives. The results,of these amazing experiments have far-reaching implications not only for e-medicine, extra-sensory input, increased memory and knowledge, and even telepathy, but for the future of humanity as well.
ПодробнееKevin Warwick «March of the Machines»
While horror films and science fiction have repeatedly warned of robots running amok, Kevin Warwick takes the threats out of the realm of fiction and into the real world, truly giving us something to worry about. Meeting skeptics head on, Warwick goes beyond his penetrating attacks on their assumptions and prejudices about what should be considered as intelligence to reveal what he has already achieved: building robots that communicate in their own language, share experience, teach each other lessons, and behave as they wish with regard to human beings. Now available for the first time in America, March of the Machines is part history of robotics, part futurism. It surveys the substantial advances made in artificial intelligence over the past century while looking ahead to an increasingly uneasy relationship between humans and machines
ПодробнееThe Medea Hypothesis: Is Life on Earth Ultimately Self-Destructive? Peter Ward
In The Medea Hypothesis, renowned paleontologist Peter Ward proposes a revolutionary and provocative vision of life's relationship with the Earth's biosphere--one that has frightening implications for our future, yet also offers hope. Using the latest discoveries from the geological record, he argues that life might be its own worst enemy. This stands in stark contrast to James Lovelock's Gaia hypothesis--the idea that life sustains habitable conditions on Earth. In answer to Gaia, which draws on the idea of the "good mother" who nurtures life, Ward invokes Medea, the mythical mother who killed her own children. Could life by its very nature threaten its own existence?
Подробнее"Darwin Among Machines: The Evolution of Global Intelligence", George Dyson
Darwin Among the Machines retraces the steps that led us into the digital wilderness, no less wild for being a universe of our own device. Introducing a cast of known and unknown characters, George B. Dyson traces the course of the information revolution, illuminating the lives and work of visionaries-from the time of Thomas Hobbes to the time of John von Neumann-who foresaw the development of artificial intelligence, artificial life, and artificial mind. This deep and elegant book derives both its title and its outlook from Samuel Butlers 1863 essay Darwin Among the Machines. Observing the beginnings of miniaturization, self-reproduction, and telecommunication among machines, Butler predicted that natures intelligence, only temporarily subservient to technology, would resurface to claim our creations as her own. Updating Butlers arguments, Dyson has distilled the historical record to chronicle the origins of digital telecommunications and the evolution of digital computers, beginning long before the time of Darwin and exploring the limits of Darwinian evolution to suggest what lies beyond. Weaving a cohesive narrative among his brilliant predecessors, Dyson constructs a straightforward, convincing, and occasionally frightening view of the evolution of mind in the global network, on a level transcending our own. Dyson concludes that we are in the midst of an experiment that echoes the prehistory of human intelligence and the origins of life. Just as the exchange of coded molecular instructions brought life as we know it to the early earths primordial soup, and as language and mind combined to form the culture in which we live, so, in the digital universe, are computer programs and worldwide networks combining to produce an evolutionary theater in which the distinctions between nature and technology are increasingly obscured. Nature, believes Dyson, is on the side of the machines.
ПодробнееThe Meme Machine by Susan Blackmore and Richard Dawkins
What is a meme? First coined by Richard Dawkins in The Selfish Gene, a meme is any idea, behavior, or skill that can be transferred from one person to another by imitation: stories, fashions, inventions, recipes, songs, ways of plowing a field or throwing a baseball or making a sculpture. The meme is also one of the most important--and controversial--concepts to emerge since The Origin of the Species appeared nearly 150 years ago. In The Meme Machine Susan Blackmore boldly asserts: "Just as the design of our bodies can be understood only in terms of natural selection, so the design of our minds can be understood only in terms of memetic selection." Indeed, Blackmore shows that once our distant ancestors acquired the crucial ability to imitate, a second kind of natural selection began, a survival of the fittest amongst competing ideas and behaviors. Ideas and behaviors that proved most adaptive--making tools, for example, or using language--survived and flourished, replicating themselves in as many minds as possible. These memes then passed themselves on from generation to generation by helping to ensure that the genes of those who acquired them also survived and reproduced. Applying this theory to many aspects of human life, Blackmore offers brilliant explanations for why we live in cities, why we talk so much, why we can't stop thinking, why we behave altruistically, how we choose our mates, and much more. With controversial implications for our religious beliefs, our free will, our very sense of "self," The Meme Machine offers a provocative theory everyone will soon be talking about.
ПодробнееLove and Sex with Robots: The Evolution of Human-Robot Relationships by David N. L. Levy
Love, marriage, and sex with robots? Not in a million years? Maybe a whole lot sooner! A leading expert in artificial intelligence, David Levy argues that the entities we once deemed cold and mechanical will soon become the objects of real companionship and human desire. He shows how automata have evolved and how human interactions with technology have changed over the years. Levy explores many aspects of human relationships—the reasons we fall in love, why we form emotional attachments to animals and virtual pets, and why these same attachments could extend to love for robots. Levy also examines how society's ideas about what constitutes normal sex have changed—and will continue to change—as sexual technology becomes increasingly sophisticated. Shocking, eye-opening, provocative, and utterly convincing, Love and Sex with Robots is compelling reading for anyone with an open mind.
Подробнее"Robot: Mere Machine to Transcendent Mind", Hans Moravec
In this compelling book, Hans Moravec predicts that machines will attain human levels of intelligence by the year 2040, and that by 2050, they will surpass us. But even though Moravec predicts the end of the domination by human beings, his is not a bleak vision. Far from railing against a future in which machines rule the world, Moravec embraces it, taking the startling view that intelligent robots will actually be our evolutionary heirs. "Intelligent machines, which will grow from us, learn our skills, and share our goals and values, can be viewed as children of our minds." And since they are our children, we will want them to outdistance us. In fact, in a bid for immortality, many of our descendants will choose to transform into "ex humans," as they upload themselves into advanced computers.
Подробнее"Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology", Eric Drexler
This brilliant work heralds the new age of nanotechnology, which will give us thorough and inexpensive control of the structure of matter. Drexler examines the enormous implications of these developments for medicine, the economy, and the environment, and makes astounding yet well-founded projections for the future.
Подробнее"Mind Children: The Future of Robot and Human Intelligence", Hans Moravec
A dizzying display of intellect and wild imaginings by Moravec, a world-class roboticist who has himself developed clever beasts . . . Undeniably, Moravec comes across as a highly knowledgeable and creative talent-which is just what the field needs" - Kirkus Reviews.
Подробнее/ мнения экспертов и членов инициативной группы
- Доктор технических наук, профессор
Александр Александрович
БолонкинЧлен инициативной группы«Искусственное механическое тело будет обладать огромной силой и переносить экстремальные внешние условия: высокие температуры, давление, радиацию, космос...»
- Доктор философских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник Института философии РАН, сопредседатель Научного совета РАН по методологии ИИ
Давид Израилевич
Дубровский«... этот проект ["Россия 2045"], безусловно, заслуживает всемерной поддержки. Он инициирован молодыми людьми, полными веры в свою высокую миссию. Это яркий акт пассионарности... вызов нашей академической общественности, среднему, сероватому научному сознанию, лишенному порывов вдохновения».
- Профессор практики Московской школы управления СКОЛКОВО, к.э.н., партнер группы "Метавер"
Павел Олегович
Лукша«Развитие интерфейсов позволяет принципиально по-другому взаимодействовать не только с локальным пространством, но и с глобальным пространством, т.е. продолжая «мозг – компьютер – Сеть», мы можем получать системы принципиально нового способа организации».
- Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией роста клеток и тканей Института теоретической и экспериментальной биофизики РАН
Борис Карпович
Гаврилюк«Для кожи киборга нужно просто сделать систему питания. А вообще... мы ведь несложно устроены! Есть всего несколько систем: кровеносная разносит кислород и питательные вещества, выделительная выводит отходы. Остальное — рабочие органы. Вначале можно сделать простейший живой организм. А потом более сложные системы...»
- Доктор биологических наук, профессор, изобретатель аппарата «Биоискусственная печень»
Вячеслав Евгеньевич
РябининЧлен инициативной группы«Вся тенденция развития науки показывает: то, что мы считали невозможным, становится возможным. Кто мог представить, что руки и ноги начнут ходить под влиянием соответствующих импульсов? Прогресс движется не в арифметической, а в геометрической прогрессии...»
- Доктор технических наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель наук России, является автором более 300 научных работ, в том числе 25 монографий
Александр Иванович
Галушкин«Я убежден в том, что нейросетевые технологии – это основа построения будущих систем управления роботами, т.е. мозга будущих роботов».
- Директор Центра клеточных и биомедицинских технологий Первого Московского государственного медицинского университета, специалист по осознанному управлению здоровьем, биотерапии и профилактике старения
Дмитрий Алексеевич
ШаменковЧлен инициативной группы«Тело постепенно становится искусственным, появляются новые ткани, замещающие существующие, новые средства коммуникации, так или иначе расширяющие пределы нашего тела. Безусловно, человек технологизируется. Поэтапно мы движемся к формированию кибернетического организма...»
- Доцент, кандидат технических наук, профессор кафедры САиУ
Лев Александрович
СтанкевичПервый этап решения проблем бессмертия человека имеет своей главной целью создание нейроуправляемого аватара – гуманоидного робота с человекоподобным скелетом, набором технических мышц и сенсоров.
- Директор Филиала РГМУ «НКЦ геронтологии» Минздравсоцразвития РФ, академик РАМН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор
Владимир Николаевич
Шабалин«Россия была и остаётся богатой интеллектуалами, несмотря на значительную утечку мозгов за рубеж. А когда будут первые результаты, с удовольствием вернутся и наши специалисты и потянутся иностранные...»
- Разработчик инновационных технологий, изобретатель, мастер ТРИЗ (теория решения изобретательских задач), кандидат педагогических наук
Марат Семенович
Гафитулин«...В моем понимании слияние человека и машины началось сразу же, как только человек целенаправленно взял в руки предмет своего труда».
- Директор Всероссийского НИИ электрификации сельского хозяйства РАСХН
Дмитрий
Стребков«Мы предлагаем шесть стратегических проектов для будущего мира, которые позволят увеличить энергетическую безопасность и создать новое энергетическое снабжение Земли, не основанное на сжигании ископаемого топлива».
- Руководитель компании «Нейроботикс»
Владимир Анатольевич
КонышевЧлен инициативной группы«Перенос мозга в искусственное тело — более выносливое, более совершенное — единственная возможность человеческой расе остаться на Земле...»
- Биофизик, председатель междисциплинарного семинара по трансгуманизму и научному иммортализму РФО РАН, директор по науке компании «КриоРус», член Координационного совета и один из основателей Российского трансгуманистического движения
Игорь Валентинович
Артюхов«Как самолет оказался эффективнее птицы, как подводная лодка плавает быстрее, чем кит, так и искусственное тело в какой-то момент догонит и перегонит тело естественное...»
- Руководитель Кластера космических технологий и телекоммуникаций Фонда Сколково, космонавт-испытатель, член Российской академии космонавтики
Сергей Александрович
Жуков«Я абсолютно убежден в том, что движение «2045» появилось в нужное время в абсолютно нужном месте, потому что верю в великое будущее России, ее подъем после временных трудностей».
- Философ, профессор Оксфордского университета, известный своими работами об антропном принципе, основатель (вместе с Д. Пирсом) Всемирной ассоциации трансгуманистов
Ник
Бостром«Цифровой путь [бессмертия] – это наша возможность разработать технологию полного копирования мозга, когда мы могли бы создать очень подробную модель конкретного человеческого мозга и воспроизвести ее на компьютере. Тогда мы имели бы потенциал бесконечного существования, создавали бы запасные копии человека и тому подобное...»
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